Water treatment plants are important facilities that provide clean and safe drinking water to the public. These plants use various methods and technologies to remove impurities and contaminants from water sources such as rivers, lakes or groundwater.
The water purification process involves 5 critical steps to ensure clean and safe water.
Step 1: Chemical addition is a process in which a chemical is added which reacts with natural alkalinity to form an insoluble precipitate.
Step 2: Coagulation and flocculation is the process of adding positively charged chemicals to water.
Step 3: Sedimentation and Clarification – Once the flocculation process is completed, the water is directed to the center of the settling basin for sedimentation and clarification.
Step 4: Filtration – During the filtration process, clarified water enters the filters from the top and is then collected into a drainage system at the bottom of the filtration unit. Filters consist of different materials or media, such as sand or gravel.
Step 5: Disinfection – After the filtration process, the water is as clean as possible, but bacteria and viruses may still be present. To destroy viruses and bacteria, the disinfection process begins.